Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees-a comparison study.
Identifieur interne : 000994 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000993; suivant : 000995Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees-a comparison study.
Auteurs : Xiaoquan Yue [République populaire de Chine] ; Lihai Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; James P. Wacker [États-Unis] ; Zhiming Zhu [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PeerJ [ 2167-8359 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Background
To ensure the safety of trees, two NDT (nondestructive testing) techniques, electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography, were employed to quantitatively detect and characterize the internal decay of standing trees. Comparisons between those two techniques were done to make full use of the individual capability for decay detection.
Methods
Eighty trees (40
Results
The results showed that both methods could estimate the severity of decay in trees. In terms of different stages of decay, when
Conclusion
Electric resistance tomography was better than stress wave tomography for testing in the early stages of decay, while stress wave tomography can be used effectively in the late stage of decay. It is suggested that each technique can be used in the practice of internal decay testing of standing trees based on decay stages and operating conditions.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6444
PubMed: 30863670
PubMed Central: PMC6407501
Affiliations:
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Wacker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Zhiming" sort="Zhu, Zhiming" uniqKey="Zhu Z" first="Zhiming" last="Zhu">Zhiming Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Fuzhou</settlement><region type="province">Fujian</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30863670</idno><idno type="pmid">30863670</idno><idno type="doi">10.7717/peerj.6444</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6407501</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000994</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000994</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000994</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000994</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000994</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees-a comparison study.</title><author><name sortKey="Yue, Xiaoquan" sort="Yue, Xiaoquan" uniqKey="Yue X" first="Xiaoquan" last="Yue">Xiaoquan Yue</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Fuzhou</settlement><region type="province">Fujian</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lihai" sort="Wang, Lihai" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lihai" last="Wang">Lihai Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forest University, Harbin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forest University, Harbin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harbin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wacker, James P" sort="Wacker, James P" uniqKey="Wacker J" first="James P" last="Wacker">James P. Wacker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Zhiming" sort="Zhu, Zhiming" uniqKey="Zhu Z" first="Zhiming" last="Zhu">Zhiming Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Fuzhou</settlement><region type="province">Fujian</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PeerJ</title><idno type="ISSN">2167-8359</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Background</b></p><p>To ensure the safety of trees, two NDT (nondestructive testing) techniques, electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography, were employed to quantitatively detect and characterize the internal decay of standing trees. Comparisons between those two techniques were done to make full use of the individual capability for decay detection.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Methods</b></p><p>Eighty trees (40 </p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Results</b></p><p>The results showed that both methods could estimate the severity of decay in trees. In terms of different stages of decay, when </p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>Electric resistance tomography was better than stress wave tomography for testing in the early stages of decay, while stress wave tomography can be used effectively in the late stage of decay. It is suggested that each technique can be used in the practice of internal decay testing of standing trees based on decay stages and operating conditions.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30863670</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2167-8359</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>7</Volume><PubDate><Year>2019</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PeerJ</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PeerJ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees-a comparison study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e6444</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7717/peerj.6444</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">To ensure the safety of trees, two NDT (nondestructive testing) techniques, electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography, were employed to quantitatively detect and characterize the internal decay of standing trees. Comparisons between those two techniques were done to make full use of the individual capability for decay detection.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Eighty trees (40 <i>Manchurian ash</i> and 40 <i>Populus simonii</i>) were detected, then wood increment cores were obtained from each cross disc trial. The <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> , which was defined as the value determined by the mass loss ratio of each wood core, was regarded as the true severity of decay. Using ordinary least-squares regression to analyze the relationship between <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>D</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> (<i>D</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> was defined as the severity of decay determined by electric resistance tomography) and between <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>D</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> (<i>D</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> was defined as the severity of decay determined by stress wave tomography).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The results showed that both methods could estimate the severity of decay in trees. In terms of different stages of decay, when <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> < 30%, <i>D</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> had a strong positive correlation with <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.677, <i>P</i> < 0.01), while, when <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> ≥ 30%, <i>D</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> had a significant positive correlation relationship with <i>D</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.645, <i>P</i> < 0.01).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Conclusion" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Electric resistance tomography was better than stress wave tomography for testing in the early stages of decay, while stress wave tomography can be used effectively in the late stage of decay. It is suggested that each technique can be used in the practice of internal decay testing of standing trees based on decay stages and operating conditions.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yue</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoquan</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Lihai</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forest University, Harbin, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wacker</LastName><ForeName>James P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Zhiming</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China, Fuzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PeerJ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101603425</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2167-8359</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Electric resistance tomography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mass loss</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nondestructive techniques in live trees</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Stress wave tomography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">The severity of decay</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare there are no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30863670</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.7717/peerj.6444</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">6444</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6407501</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Exp Bot. 2007;58(4):839-54</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17229759</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Tree Physiol. 2013 Feb;33(2):187-94</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23329335</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Ecology. 2015 Jan;96(1):124-33</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26236897</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Fujian</li><li>Wisconsin</li></region><settlement><li>Fuzhou</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><region name="Fujian"><name sortKey="Yue, Xiaoquan" sort="Yue, Xiaoquan" uniqKey="Yue X" first="Xiaoquan" last="Yue">Xiaoquan Yue</name></region><name sortKey="Wang, Lihai" sort="Wang, Lihai" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lihai" last="Wang">Lihai Wang</name><name sortKey="Zhu, Zhiming" sort="Zhu, Zhiming" uniqKey="Zhu Z" first="Zhiming" last="Zhu">Zhiming Zhu</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Wisconsin"><name sortKey="Wacker, James P" sort="Wacker, James P" uniqKey="Wacker J" first="James P" last="Wacker">James P. 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